Caracterización clínica y mortalidad a 1 año de la infección por Virus Respiratorio Sincicial versus Influenza en adultos hospitalizados
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Introducción: El virus respiratorio sincicial (VRS) es una importante causa de infección respiratoria grave del adulto mayor. En Chile y Latinoamérica, hay escasos datos en adultos hospitalizados. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer las características clínicas, la mortalidad hospitalaria y mortalidad a 1 año, de pacientes adultos hospitalizados con infección por VRS comparado con influenza.
Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥18 años hospitalizados con RT-PCR positivo de muestra nasofaríngea para VRS o influenza, de 3 hospitales de Santiago de Chile, entre el 1 enero y 31 octubre de 2023. Se registraron variables demográficas, clínicas, laboratorio, radiológicas, comorbilidades, estadía hospitalaria, mortalidad tanto intrahospitalaria como a 1 año. Para variables categóricas y continuas se utilizó X2 y Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Para sobrevida, curva Kaplan-Meier y Log-rank test.
Resultados: De los 663 pacientes con infección respiratoria hospitalizados, se identificó VRS en 45 (6,9%) e influenza en 89 (13,7%). La edad y la escala de Charlson ajustado por edad fueron significativamente mayores en pacientes con VRS, 69 ± 18,8 vs. 64,3 ± 16,3 años (p = 0,042) y 5,7 ± 3,3 vs. 4,1 ± 2,7 puntos (p=0,01), respectivamente. La mortalidad hospitalaria de VRS fue del 4,7% y la mortalidad a 1 año fue de 28,9% sin diferencia significativa con influenza (p=0,62).
Conclusiones: La infección por VRS es frecuente en adultos mayores hospitalizados en Chile y se asocia con alta carga de enfermedad y elevada mortalidad a 1 año. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de las estrategias de inmunización y del estudio microbiológico en estos pacientes.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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