Recomendaciones para el manejo de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Post Tuberculosis Departamento de Tuberculosis ALAT
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Introducción: Los esfuerzos de la lucha contra la tuberculosis (TB) se centran habitualmente en un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento eficaz y oportuno para romper la cadena de transmisión de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, coincidiendo con la asociación sindemica TB/COVID-19, han aparecido cada vez más evidencias sobre las graves secuelas clínicas, funcionales y psicosociales que puede ocasionar la TB, condición que se ha definido como Enfermedad Pulmonar Post-Tuberculosis (PTLD). Aproximadamente, un tercio de los pacientes que sobreviven a la TB se enfrentan a esto, incluyendo síntomas respiratorios persistentes con exacerbaciones episódicas, insuficiencia respiratoria crónica, trastornos emocionales y desafíos psicosociales que impactan negativamente en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, y enfrentan un alto costo catastrófico.
Objetivo: Proporcionar un modelo compartido, orientador y científicamente válido para diagnosticar, evaluar y tratar en forma oportuna a los pacientes con PTLD (prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y posible rehabilitación).
Metodología: Es una investigación documental que incluye revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis- estudios observacionales y de las directrices existentes en los últimos años al respecto, sumado a una evaluación por expertos en el tema, con el propósito de adaptarlas a las condiciones locales de cada pais latino-americano.
Conclusiones: Considerando la carga mundial, particularmente, latinoamericana de TB, y la carga estimada de la PTLD, se considera urgente el desarrollo de un consenso sobre este tema. Creemos que las recomendaciones de ALAT proporcionarán la base para la formulación y adopción de directrices nacionales para el manejo del PTLD en América Latina.
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