Valores de referencia para la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos en población adulta sana del Ecuador
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Introducción: La prueba de caminata de seis minutos (PC6M) es ampliamente utilizada para evaluar la capacidad funcional en distintos contextos clínicos. En Ecuador no existen ecuaciones de referencia específicas para su población.
Objetivo: Establecer valores de referencia y una ecuación predictiva para la PC6M en adultos ecuatorianos sanos.
Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, en adultos de 20–60 años reclutados en tres ciudades (2.225–2.850 msnm). Se registraron variables antropométricas y fisiológicas antes y después de la PC6M. Se construyó una regresión lineal múltiple (método enter) para la distancia caminada (DC6M). La consistencia con ecuaciones externas se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI); el acuerdo se examinó con gráficos de Bland–Altman y el coeficiente de correlación de concordancia de Lin.
Resultados: Se analizaron 303 sujetos sanos. La mediana de la DC6M fue 649 m [597–692]. La ecuación final incluyó edad, estatura y sexo (R² = 0,304). El límite inferior de la normalidad se definió como valor predicho − 94,9 m. Las ecuaciones de Osses y Casanova mostraron baja consistencia y ausencia de acuerdo absoluto con los valores observados.
Conclusión: Este estudio proporciona valores de referencia y una ecuación predictiva específica para adultos ecuatorianos. Estos resultados pueden apoyar la valoración funcional en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias.
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