Regarding Rare Conditions: Pulmonary Hernias
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Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary hernia is the abnormal protrusion of lung parenchyma through a defect in the chest wall. It is a rare entity; approximately 300 cases have been reported since its first description. It represents a diagnostic-therapeutic challenge and a correct understanding will allow providing an adequate approach to this entity.
Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was carried out through the PubMed search engine of the Medline database, using the terms pulmonary hernia, lung herniation and chestwall hernias. From the results obtained, the abstracts of the related documents were analyzed and a total of 38 references were selected, from which the information for this manuscript was extracted.
Results: Lung hernias are classified according to their location and etiology; etiology can also be classified as spontaneous, traumatic or pathological. There are different risk factors that predispose patients to this entity, such as anatomical defects of the chest wall or pathologies that increase intrathoracic pressure. Therapeutic options include expectant management with follow-up and surgical management, which seeks a definitive correction of the hernia defect by using different suturing or tissue coping techniques, as well as the use of materials such as meshes.
Conclusions: Pulmonary hernias, despite being rare, do exist, which is why thoracic surgeons play a fundamental role in the prevention, diagnostics and management of this entity. The limited literature found recommends surgical management over conservative management, even in asymptomatic patients, and in our opinion, we agree with this statement.
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