Standardization of Minimum Requirements for the Formation of an Early Detection Center for Lung Cancer in Latin America
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is a disease with a great impact worldwide in the number of deaths and health costs. The high incidence and mortality of this disease associated with late diagnosis and the improved prognosis with early detection determine that it is a pathology that can benefit from early detection.
Low radiation dose tomography (LDCT) demonstrated a method that can be performed periodically to a group of people at high risk of developing CP and thus reduce mortality from this disease. However, this benefit is such when it is developed under an organized program with multidisciplinary participation specialized in lung cancer.
Methods: It is proposed to determine basic guidelines for the development of early detection of lung cancer in Latin America so that it can be carried out uniformly, with the lowest risk and the maximum expected benefit. The main publications referring to this topic were analyzed, considering the diversity of care and access in Latin America.
Result: Minimum requirements are developed for the implementation of a program.
Discussion: The number of programs in the region is small and depends more on individual efforts than on general health policies. We consider that these guidelines can serve as support for the development of more programs in the region and in a more homogeneous way.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71(3):209-249. Doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
Global Cancer Observatory, GLOBOCAN 2020. [Internet]. [Consultado 15 jul 2021]. Disponible en: http://gco. iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15- Lung-fact-sheet.pdf
Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Miller KD et al. Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68(1): 31‐54. Doi:10.3322/caac.21440.
Kim AS, Ko HJ, Kwon JH, Lee JM. Exposure to secondhand smoke and risk of cancer in never smokers: a metaanalysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(9): 1981. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph15091981
Goldstraw P, Chanski K, Crowley J et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016;11(1):39-51. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.009
The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:395-409. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1102873
de Koning HJ, van der Aalst CM, de Jong PA et al. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial List of authors. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:503-513. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911793.
Pastorino U, Silva M, Sestini S et al. Prolonged lung cancer screening reduced 10-year mortality in the mild trial: new confirmation of lung cancer screening efficacy. Ann Oncol 2019. Doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdz169.
Sales dos Santos R, Franceschini JP, Caruso Chate R et al. Do Current Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Apply for Populations With High Prevalence of Granulomatous Disease? Results From the First Brazilian Lung Cancer Screening Trial (BRELT1). Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101(2):481-6; discussion 487-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.07.013.
Hochhegger B, Camargo S, da Silva Teles GB. Challenges of Implementing Lung Cancer Screening in a Developing Country: Results of the Second Brazilian Early Lung Cancer Screening Trial (BRELT2). JCO Glob Oncol 2022;8:e2100257. Doi: 10.1200/GO.21.00257.
Kazerooni EA, Austin JHM, Black WC et al. ACR-STR practice parameter for the performance and reporting of lung cancer screening thoracic computed tomography (CT): 2014 (Resolution 4). J Thorac Imaging 2014;29(5):310-6. Doi: 10.1097/RTI.0000000000000097
Kim Y, Kim YK, Lee BE et al. Ultra-Low-Dose CT of the Thorax Using Iterative Reconstruction: Evaluation of Image Quality and Radiation Dose Reduction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015;204(6):1197-202. Doi: 10.2214/AJR.14.13629.
Yang P. National Lung Cancer Screening Program in Taiwan: The TALENT Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021;16(3):S58. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.318
Gordon S, Bruce N, Grigg J, et al. Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries. Lancet Respir Med 2014;2(10):823-60. Doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70168-
Barbone F, Barbiero F, Belvedere O et al. Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening on Lung Cancer Mortality among Asbestos-Exposed Workers. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47: 1981–1991. Doi: 10.1093/ije/dyy212.
Mascalchi M, Luconi M. Lung Cancer Screening, Emphysema and COPD. Chest 2021;159(5):1699-1700. Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.040.
Tammemägi MC, Katki HA, Hocking WG et al. Selection criteria for lung-cancer screening. N Engl J Med 2013;368:728-736. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211776.
Field JK, Duffy SW, Baldwin DR et al. The UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial: a pilot randomised controlled trial of low-dose computed tomography screening for the early detection of lung cancer. Health Technol Assess 2016;20(40):1-146. Doi: 10.3310/hta20400.
Boyeras I, Roberti J, Seijo M et al. Argentine consensus recommendations for lung cancer screening programmes: a RAND/ UCLA-modified Delphi study. BMJ Open 2023;13:e068271. Doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2022-068271
Truong MT, Ko JP, Rossi SE et al. Update in the Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. RadioGraphics 2014;34:1658–1679. Doi: 10.1148/rg.346130092
American College of Radiology. Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System (Lung-RADS®). [Internet]. [Consultado 9 ene 2024]. Disponible en: https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/Lung-Rads
Callister MEJ, Baldwin DR, Akram AR et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules. Thorax 2015;70:ii1–ii54. Doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207168
MacMahon H, Naidich DP, Goo JM et al. Guidelines for Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017. Radiology 2017;284:1. Doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017161659.
Tremblay A, Taghizadeh N, Huang J et al. A Randomized Controlled Study of Integrated Smoking Cessation in a Lung Cancer Screening Program. J Thorac Oncol 2019;14(9):1528-1537. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.04.024.
Peterson A. Lung cancer screening in primary care. JAAPA 2023;36(1):14-18. Doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000902872.28303.ba
Gregor A, Thomson CS, Brewster DH et al. Management and survival of patients with lung cancer in Scotland diagnosed in 1995: results of a national population based study. Thorax 2001; 56: 212-7. Doi: 10.1136/thorax.56.3.212