Decellularization and Regeneration of Porcine Trachea: an Approach to Tissue Engineering
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Abstract
Introduction: tissue engineering makes it possible to obtain organs as grafts from decellularized tissues, regenerated with autologous cells.
Objective: decellularize and regenerate porcine tracheas.
Materials and Methods: Porcine tracheas were decellularized by placing each one in the omentum of four Yorkshire pigs for regeneration in vivo. A trachea decellularized with triton (DT), decellularized with deoxycholate (DD), decellularized with deoxycholate and reinforced with a polymer, and epithelial cells (DDR), and a cryopreserved native (NC). After 8 days, the DD, NC and DDR were obtained; and on day 15, the DT. The evaluation was mechanically and histologically, performing the case analysis.
Results: the decellularized tracheas preserved the integrity of the cartilage, with no mechanical differences, except for the DDR with greater rigidity. The regenerated tracheas presented less rigidity, except the DDR, which also lost the epithelium and vascularity. The DT, DD showed non-respiratory epithelium, fibrosis and vasculogenesis with inflammation.
Conclusions: the matrices retained their mechanical characteristics, in vivo regeneration offers advantages such as sterility, cell interaction, nutrients; it is simple, feasible and economical, but there is no control of cell growth and vascularization, and the tissues presented mechanical and histological alterations. The polymer prevented re-epithelialization and revascularization. This study opens the possibility of improving tissue engineering methodologies applied to tracheal tissue.
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