Hipoxemia y el riesgo de hipertensión arterial en apnea obstructiva del sueño
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Introducción: hay poca información sobre el rol de la hipoxemia como factor de riesgo de hipertensión arterial (HTA) en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la hipoxemia como factor de riesgo independiente de HTA en un modelo de trabajo basado en pacientes reales examinados en una unidad de sueño. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo. Modelo predictivo mediante regresión logística múltiple para establecer la relación entre HTA y edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de apneas e hipopneas por hora de registro (IAH) y tiempo de saturación de oxígeno debajo de 90% (T90 > 3%). Resultados: incluimos 3854 pacientes (edad mediana 55 años), predominio varones (61.5%). Según el modelo, las variables asociadas con HTA fueron: edad (OR 3.27 – 3.29, IC95% 2.83 – 3.80, p < 0.0001), sexo masculino (OR 1.35, IC95% 1.17 – 1.56, p < 0.001), obesidad (OR 1.83, IC95% 1.59 – 2.11, p < 0.0001), IAH ≥ 15 eventos por hora (OR 1.22, IC95% 1.05 – 1.43, p < 0.01) y T90 ≥ 3% (OR 1.56 – 1.57, IC95% 1.32 – 1.84, p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: en una población clínica con sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño, la hipoxemia (T90 ≥ 3%) se asoció con hipertensión arterial.
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