Pleuropulmonary Ultrasound: Relationship of Findings with Histological Types in Lung Cancer
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Abstract
Introduction: Thoracic ultrasound is an accessible tool for evaluating consolidations with suspected malignancy; however, the histologic classification of malignant tumors is not fully described.
Objective: To evaluate ultrasonographic findings in lung cancer and correlate them with histological type.
Methods: Prospective study of 26 patients with consolidations suspicious for malignancy at Dr. José Ignacio Baldó Hospital, January – August 2022. Two observers evaluated the ultrasonographic characteristics of consolidations in B-mode and Doppler, blinded to histologic results, which were obtained by the standard hematoxylin-eosin staining method. Chi – squared tests were used for associations and the Kappa coefficient for interobserver agreement.
Results: The examined consolidations appeared heterogeneous with deep, fragmented borders and absence of air bronchograms. Adenocarcinoma was the prevalent histologic type (65,4%). Doppler uptake was observed in 96,2% of tumors, with monophasic spectra in 69,2% and low resistance in 61,5%. A significant association was found between squamous cell carcinoma and pleural thickening > 10 mm (p = 0.048), and interobserver agreement was excellent.
Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasound is a reproducible tool for local characterization of lung cancer. Pleural thickening associated with squamous carcinoma and absence of air bronchogram may improve noninvasive diagnostic accuracy. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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